Cosmetic jaw surgery, also known as corrective jaw surgery or orthognathic surgery, is a specialized procedure designed to correct various structural and functional issues related to the jaw and teeth. This surgery improves facial aesthetics and enhances oral health, particularly in cases where the upper and lower jaws are misaligned. Whether you’re dealing with functional problems, such as obstructive sleep apnea or jaw pain, or seeking aesthetic enhancements like a more defined jawline, cosmetic jaw surgery can provide both cosmetic and functional benefits.

This blog will dive into what cosmetic jaw surgery involves, the conditions it treats, the recovery process, and how to determine if you’re a good candidate for this life-changing procedure.

What is Cosmetic Jaw Surgery?

Cosmetic jaw surgery, also known as orthognathic surgery, corrects issues with the jaw bones and teeth that affect the overall function and appearance of the face. This procedure typically involves repositioning the upper jaw (maxilla), lower jaw (mandible), or both to correct misalignments or other issues affecting facial aesthetics or oral function.

An oral and maxillofacial surgeon usually performs this surgery. It is often combined with orthodontic treatment to improve bite alignment, jaw position, and facial symmetry. Cosmetic jaw surgery can also address TMJ disorders, sleep apnea, and dental irregularities that impact health and appearance.

Types of Cosmetic Jaw Surgery

Depending on the patient’s specific needs, different types of jaw surgery may be performed. Here are the most common:

1. Bimaxillary Osteotomy (Double Jaw Surgery)

Bimaxillary osteotomy is a procedure that involves both the upper jaw and lower jaw. It is typically performed when the upper and lower jaws are misaligned, which is known as malocclusion. This surgery aims to reposition the upper and lower teeth to improve bite alignment, jaw position, and overall facial harmony. After the procedure, teeth fit together more naturally, improving oral function and facial aesthetics.

2. Maxillary Osteotomy (Upper Jaw Surgery)

Maxillary osteotomy focuses on correcting the upper jaw (maxilla) to address issues like facial asymmetry or misaligned upper teeth. This surgical procedure is commonly used to treat obstructive sleep apnea or an open bite. This surgery can significantly improve bite alignment and aesthetic concerns by repositioning the upper jaw into a new, functional position.

3. Mandibular Osteotomy (Lower Jaw Surgery)

Mandibular osteotomy targets the lower jaw (mandible) to correct conditions such as a double chin, an underbite, or jaw pain. Repositioning the lower jaw and chin bone enhances jawline contour and overall facial balance. It can also address functional problems, such as difficulty chewing or speaking, that arise from misaligned jaws.

4. Chin Surgery (Genioplasty)

Chin surgery (or genioplasty) may be performed where the chin is disproportionately small or large. This procedure can adjust the size or shape of the chin bone, creating a more balanced appearance. It is often performed in conjunction with jawline surgery to improve overall facial aesthetics and jaw position.

Why Consider Cosmetic Jaw Surgery?

There are several reasons why people opt for cosmetic jaw surgery, whether it’s for functional improvements or aesthetic concerns. Some common reasons include:

1. Correcting Jaw Misalignment (Malocclusion)

Jaw misalignment is one of the most common reasons for jaw surgery. It can cause bite problems that affect how the upper and lower teeth meet. Malocclusion can lead to discomfort, difficulty eating, and even speech issues. Orthognathic surgery is an effective solution to reposition the jaw bones and align the teeth.

2. Treating Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Jaw surgery may be a necessary treatment option for individuals who suffer from obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). OSA is caused by an airway blockage, often due to misaligned jaw bones or enlarged tonsils. By repositioning the jaw bones, orthognathic surgery can open the airway and help treat this sleep disorder, allowing the patient to breathe more freely during sleep.

3. Improving Facial Aesthetics

Cosmetic jaw surgery is not only about function—it can also significantly improve facial aesthetics. Facial asymmetry, jawline contour, and the overall appearance of the lower face can be enhanced through surgery. For some, a more defined jawline or a proportionate chin can greatly improve self-esteem and confidence.

4. Relieving Jaw Pain and TMJ Disorders

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders cause jaw pain, clicking sounds, and limited movement in the jaw joint. In some cases, jaw surgery can help reposition the jaw and relieve pressure on the TMJ, reducing pain and improving jaw mobility.

The Surgical Process

The cosmetic jaw surgery process begins with a comprehensive consultation with an oral and maxillofacial surgeon. During this consultation, your surgeon will assess your jaw structure, take X-rays or 3D imaging, and discuss your goals for the procedure. You will also undergo preoperative assessments to ensure you’re in good health for surgery.

Pre-Operative Steps

• Orthodontic Treatment: For many patients, braces or other orthodontic treatments are needed before surgery to align the teeth and prepare the mouth for the surgical procedure. This can take several months.
• Medical Evaluation: The surgeon will thoroughly evaluate your overall and oral health to ensure you’re a good candidate for surgery.
• Surgical Plan: Your surgeon will develop a personalized surgical plan based on your needs. This plan will include which parts of the jaw bones need to be repositioned and how the surgical procedure will occur.

The Surgery Itself

• General Anesthesia: Cosmetic jaw surgery is typically performed under general anesthesia, meaning you will be asleep throughout the procedure. This ensures that you are comfortable and relaxed during surgery.
• Surgical Procedure: During the surgery, the surgeon will carefully make small incisions in the mouth or jawline and reposition the jaw bones. This may involve cutting and repositioning the upper jaw, lower jaw, or both. Tiny bone plates and screws are often used to hold the bones in their new position while they heal.
• Duration: The surgery generally takes 2-4 hours, depending on the complexity of the procedure and whether the upper and lower jaws are involved.

Post-Surgery Care and Recovery

Proper post-surgery care is essential for achieving the best possible results after cosmetic jaw surgery, also known as orthognathic surgery. The recovery process after this surgical procedure varies from patient to patient but generally includes pain management, dietary restrictions, and activity limitations. Adhering to your oral and maxillofacial surgeon’s post-operative instructions will ensure a smoother recovery and help you heal more effectively.

The primary goal of post-surgery care is to ensure that the jaw and teeth heal correctly and that the new jaw position remains stable. Additionally, follow-up appointments with your maxillofacial surgeon and orthodontist are important for assessing the recovery process, adjusting the bite, and ensuring that any issues, such as jaw misalignment or jaw joint problems, are addressed promptly.

1. Managing Pain and Swelling

Pain and swelling are common after cosmetic jaw surgery and can last for several days or weeks, depending on the complexity of the surgical procedures. To manage these symptoms effectively:

• Pain Medication: Your oral and maxillofacial surgeon will likely prescribe pain medication, which can include narcotic painkillers for the first few days after surgery. Over-the-counter medications such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen may also be recommended as you transition to less severe pain management.
• Ice Packs: Ice packs can help reduce swelling during the first 48 hours after surgery. Apply the ice for 15-20 minutes at a time, and then give your skin a break before reapplying. This simple method helps minimize post-operative bleeding by reducing the flow of blood to the affected area and can provide immediate comfort.
• Head Elevation: Keep your head elevated during the initial recovery phase to reduce swelling and pain. Sleeping with extra pillows or a reclining chair can assist in this process, particularly for the first few days after surgery.

2. Follow-up Appointments and Monitoring Healing

Follow-up appointments with your maxillofacial surgeon are crucial for monitoring your healing process. These appointments typically occur within the first week or two following surgery and may continue over several months.

• Assessment of Healing: During these visits, your oral and maxillofacial surgeon will evaluate the surgical site to ensure proper healing, check for any signs of infection, and assess the jaw’s new position. These appointments are especially important if you’ve had a double jaw surgery or bimaxillary osteotomy, as the positioning of both the upper and lower teeth needs to be carefully aligned and stable.
• Orthodontic Treatment: Orthodontic treatment (such as braces) is an integral part of the recovery process for many patients. Orthodontists typically work alongside maxillofacial surgeons to ensure the teeth align correctly with the new jaw position. Your orthodontic treatment may begin before surgery and continue during recovery to perfect the bite and teeth alignment after the procedure.
• Post-operative Adjustments: If there is any slight misalignment or discomfort in the bite, the maxillofacial surgeon and orthodontist will adjust the treatment plan accordingly to ensure you achieve the best possible outcome.

3. Dietary Restrictions During Recovery

Dietary changes are necessary after jaw surgery to ensure proper healing of the jaw bones and avoid irritating the surgical site. Immediately after surgery, you will likely be advised to stick to a liquid or soft food diet.

• First Few Days: As your jaw and teeth heal, a liquid diet consisting of soups, smoothies, and nutritional shakes may be necessary initially. As swelling and pain decrease, you may be able to introduce soft foods like mashed potatoes, scrambled eggs, and yogurt.
• Avoid Hard or Crunchy Foods: It’s essential to avoid foods that require a lot of chewing or that can irritate the surgical site. Hard or sticky foods like nuts, chips, or gum should be avoided, as they could disrupt the blood clotting and hinder healing.
• Staying Hydrated: Proper hydration is crucial for recovery, so drink plenty of fluids, especially if you’re on a soft food diet. You should also avoid carbonated drinks or alcohol, as these can interfere with the healing process and increase the risk of complications.

4. Avoiding Complications and Ensuring Healing

Following your surgeon’s post-operative instructions is essential for avoiding complications such as dry socket, infection, or jaw misalignment.

• Avoid Smoking: Smoking can interfere with blood clot formation and healing. It is strongly advised to avoid smoking for at least 48 hours after surgery. Tobacco products also increase the risk of oral infections, which can complicate recovery.
• No Straws or Sucking Movements: For the first 24 hours, avoid using straws, sucking motions, or excessive spitting during the first few days, as these can disturb the blood clot at the surgical site and lead to dry socket.
• Rest and Avoid Physical Activity: Rest is a vital part of the healing process. However, you should avoid vigorous physical activity or strenuous exercise during the early stages of recovery. Increased blood pressure from physical exertion can cause excessive bleeding or disturb blood clotting.
• Monitor for Infection: If you experience symptoms like fever, pus, or a foul odor from the surgical site, this could be a sign of infection. Contact your oral and maxillofacial surgeon immediately if you notice these symptoms.

Potential Risks and Complications

As with any surgery, cosmetic jaw surgery carries some risks, including:

• Infection: Although rare, infections can occur at the surgical site.
• Dry Socket: If the blood clot in the tooth socket is dislodged, it can lead to dry socket, which can cause severe pain.
• Nerve Damage: Nerve damage is a rare but possible complication, which may result in numbness or tingling in the chin, lower lip, or tongue.

Your oral surgeon will discuss the potential risks with you and advise you on minimizing complications during recovery.

Conclusion

Cosmetic jaw surgery is a life-changing procedure that can improve the function and appearance of your jaw, teeth, and face. Whether you are seeking relief from jaw pain, improving facial aesthetics, or treating conditions like sleep apnea, orthognathic surgery can significantly enhance your quality of life. You can achieve facial harmony and optimal oral health by working closely with a skilled oral and maxillofacial surgeon.

If you are considering jaw surgery, it’s important to consult with a maxillofacial surgeon who will assess your individual needs and guide you through the surgical process and recovery. With careful planning, cosmetic jaw surgery can provide long-lasting benefits and improve overall health and appearance.

References

Orthognathic Surgery (Jaw Surgery)

https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/procedures/jaw-surgery

https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/jaw-surgery/about/pac-20384990